FINDINGS

Performance Measures	Anti-icing Benefits
Productivity	Less snow/ice bonding facilitated more efficient plowing Reduced maintenance costs (overtime pay and materials) Reduced time to clear snow/ice from roads Less abrasive cleanup required
Other / Indirect	Reduced asset damage (vehicles, equipment, etc.)

Also noted were anti-icing disadvantages, which can be avoided with proper use of information from RWIS. Liquid anti-icing chemical usage in windy conditions can cause blowing snow to adhere to pavements. Pretreating roads with liquid chemicals may cause slippery conditions or lead to surface freezing if pavement temperatures fall below specific thresholds. Pretreated areas may necessitate subsequent treatment with solid materials.

The report concluded that anti-icing is an effective winter maintenance strategy that can improve level of service and reduce maintenance costs, however, anti-icing techniques should be carefully planned and executed based upon reliable, accurate data from a RWIS. Appropriate training of maintenance personnel (from decision makers to plow operators) and effective public information campaigns were also noted as key to the success of an anti-icing program.