O&M Estimated Costs for ICM between Oakland and Fremont, CA
San Francisco, California, United States
Using an Analysis, Simulation, and Modeling (AMS) framework researchers estimated the potential costs of implementing Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) strategies on the I-880 corridor located between Oakland and Fremont, California. The selected corridor covered a distance of approximately 34-miles (250 lane miles) and included an extensive network of alternate routes and transit options (bus and rail). The ICM strategies analyzed during the project included highway traveler information, transit traveler information, freeway ramp metering, high occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, arterial traffic signal coordination, and a combination of these strategies. The findings provided planning-level cost estimates for ITS infrastructure and services consistent with the ITS National Architecture. Infrastructure and incremental cost estimates were provided for the following:
- Capital Costs – Non-recurring (one-time) expenditure required to procure and install ITS equipment. These costs included the capital equipment costs as well as the soft costs required for design and installation.
- Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Costs – Recurring costs required to operate and maintain the deployed equipment, including labor costs. While these costs did contain provisions for upkeep and replacement of minor components of the system, they did not contain provisions for wholesale replacement of the equipment when it reached the end of its useful life. The O&M costs were presented as annual estimates.
- Annualized Costs – The capital and O&M costs of an ITS improvement amortized over its anticipated useful life time.
Infrastructure costs included the backbone and basic equipment required to support the ITS network. Incremental costs accounted for the addition of individual devices or functional systems to the network. For example, the incremental costs for an emergency vehicle signal priority system would include the incremental costs to add individual intersections to the system and the incremental costs to equip individual emergency vehicles.
The Test Corridor ICM cost estimates below were derived from Table 5.2 and Appendix-A of the source report. The author noted that each of the strategies listed would require a traffic management center (TMC) and a good traffic detection system with coverage every one-half mile. The average costs reported were expressed in terms of net present value (published 2008).
ICM Improvements |
Average Annual Capital and O&M Costs
($ Millions) |
---|---|
Common Infrastructure |
1.4
|
Arterial Traffic Signal Control |
1.8
|
Local Adaptive Ramp Metering |
1.5
|
Highway Traveler Information |
1.0
|
Transit Traveler Information |
0.7
|
HOT lanes |
2.1
|
Combination of ICM Strategies |
7.5
|
Equipment |
Useful life (Years)
|
Capital Cost
|
Annual O&M Cost
|
Annualized Lifecycle Costs Infrastructure
|
Annualized Lifecycle Costs Incremental
|
Unit
|
Amount
|
Total Annual Cost
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Common Infrastructure (Basic Needs): $1.4 Million | ||||||||
Basic TMC Facilities |
$633,333
|
$633,333
|
||||||
Hardware/Software for Traffic Surveillance |
20
|
$150,000
|
$7,500
|
$15,000
|
$15,000
|
|||
Loop Detector System Integration |
$25,000
|
$25,000
|
||||||
Loop Detector (double set) |
$3,350
|
ea
½-mi |
120
|
$402,000
|
||||
DS3 Communication Line |
$2,700
|
ea
½-mi |
120
|
$324,000
|
||||
Arterial Traffic Signal Control: $1.8 Million | ||||||||
Linked Signal System LAN |
20
|
$55,000
|
$1,100
|
$3,850
|
$3,850
|
|||
TMC Hardware for Signal Control |
5
|
$22,500
|
$2,000
|
$6,500
|
$6,500
|
|||
TMC Software/System Integration |
5
|
$200,000
|
$40,000
|
$40,000
|
||||
Labor for Arterial Mgmt* |
$540,000
|
$540,000
|
$540,000
|
|||||
Signal Controller Upgrade |
20
|
$6,250
|
$350
|
$663
|
per int
|
160
|
$106,000
|
|
DS1 Communication Line |
20
|
$750
|
$6,600
|
$6,638
|
per int
|
160
|
$1,062,000
|
|
Ramp Metering (Fixed or Adaptive): $1.5 Million | ||||||||
Ramp Meter (Signal, Controller) |
5
|
$40,000
|
$2,000
|
$10,000
|
per ramp
|
90
|
$900,000
|
|
Loop Detectors (2) |
5
|
$11,000
|
$4,500
|
$6,700
|
per ramp
|
90
|
$603,000
|
|
Highway Traveler Information: $1.0 Million | ||||||||
TMC Hardware for Info Dissemination |
5
|
$7,500
|
$375
|
$1,875
|
$1,875
|
|||
TMC Software for Info Dissemination |
5
|
$20,000
|
$1,000
|
$5,000
|
$5,000
|
|||
TMC System Integration |
20
|
$100,000
|
$5,000
|
$10,000
|
$10,000
|
|||
DS3 Communication Line |
20
|
$4,000
|
$48,000
|
$48,200
|
$48,200
|
|||
Labor for Information Dissemination* |
$100,000
|
$100,000
|
||||||
Information Service Center Hardware |
20
|
$45,000
|
$900
|
$3,150
|
$3,150
|
|||
Info Center System Integration |
5
|
$100,000
|
$20,000
|
$20,000
|
||||
Information Service Center Software |
$34,375
|
$34,375
|
||||||
Map Database Software |
2
|
$22,500
|
$11,250
|
$11,250
|
||||
Information Service Center Labor* |
$225,000
|
$225,000
|
||||||
DS0 Communication Line |
$938
|
per CMS
|
32
|
$30,000
|
||||
Changeable Message Sign |
$9,025
|
per CMS
|
32
|
$288,800
|
||||
Changeable Message Sign Tower |
$6,525
|
per CMS
|
32
|
$208,800
|
||||
Transit Traveler Information $0.7 Million | ||||||||
TMC Information Dissemination Hardware |
5
|
$7,500
|
$375
|
$1,875
|
$1,875
|
|||
TMC Information Dissemination Software |
5
|
$20,000
|
$1,000
|
$5,000
|
$5,000
|
|||
TMC System Integration |
20
|
$100,000
|
$5,000
|
$10,000
|
$10,000
|
|||
Labor for Traffic Info Dissemination* |
$100,000
|
$100,000
|
$100,000
|
|||||
DS3 Communication Line |
20
|
$4,000
|
$48,000
|
$48,200
|
$48,200
|
|||
Transit Center Hardware |
10
|
$22,500
|
$2,250
|
$2,250
|
||||
Transit Center Software/Integration |
20
|
$815,000
|
$9,000
|
$49,750
|
$49,750
|
|||
Transit Center Labor* |
$150,000
|
$150,000
|
$150,000
|
|||||
DS3 Communication Line |
20
|
$4,000
|
$48,000
|
$48,200
|
$48,200
|
|||
Information Service Center Hardware |
20
|
$45,000
|
$900
|
$3,150
|
$3,150
|
|||
Info Center System Integration |
5
|
$100,000
|
$20,000
|
$20,000
|
||||
Information Service Center Software |
20
|
$412,000
|
$20,625
|
$41,225
|
$41,225
|
|||
Map Database Software |
2
|
$22,500
|
$11,250
|
$11,250
|
||||
Information Service Center Labor* |
$225,000
|
$225,000
|
$225,000
|
|||||
HOT Lanes: $2.1 Million | ||||||||
Electronic Toll Collection Software |
10
|
$20,000
|
$2,000
|
$2,000
|
||||
Electronic Toll Collection Structure |
20
|
$30,000
|
$1,500
|
$1,500
|
||||
Software for Dynamic Electronic Tolls |
$9,120
|
$9,120
|
||||||
Integration for Dynamic Electronic Tolls |
$14,650
|
$14,650
|
||||||
Labor for HOT Lanes Mgmt* |
$540,000
|
$540,000
|
$540,000
|
|||||
Electronic Toll Reader |
10
|
$10,000
|
$1,000
|
$2,000
|
ea
½-mi |
120
|
$240,000
|
|
High-Speed Camera |
10
|
$20,000
|
$2,000
|
$4,000
|
ea
½-mi |
120
|
$480,000
|
|
DS1 Communication Line |
20
|
$750
|
$6,600
|
$6,638
|
ea
½-mi |
120
|
$796,500
|
|
Combination of ICM Strategies: $7.5 Million | ||||||||
Basic TMC Facilities |
$633,333
|
$633,333
|
||||||
Hardware/Software for traffic Surveillance |
20
|
$150,000
|
$7,500
|
$15,000
|
$15,000
|
|||
Loop Detector System Integration |
$25,000
|
$25,000
|
||||||
Loop Detector (double set) |
$3,350
|
ea
½-mi |
120
|
$402,000
|
||||
DS3 Communication Line |
$2,700
|
ea
½-mi |
120
|
$324,000
|
||||
Linked Signal System LAN |
20
|
$55,000
|
$1,100
|
$3,850
|
$3,850
|
|||
TMC Hardware for Signal Control |
5
|
$22,500
|
$2,000
|
$6,500
|
$6,500
|
|||
TMC Software/System Integration |
5
|
$200,000
|
$40,000
|
$40,000
|
||||
Labor for Arterial Mgmt* |
$540,000
|
$540,000
|
$540,000
|
|||||
Signal Controller Upgrade |
20
|
$6,250
|
$350
|
$663
|
per int
|
160
|
$106,000
|
|
DS1 Communication Line |
20
|
$750
|
$6,000
|
$6,638
|
per int
|
160
|
$1,062,000
|
|
Ramp Meter (Signal, Controller) |
5
|
$40,000
|
$2,000
|
$10,000
|
per ramp
|
90
|
$900,000
|
|
Loop Detectors (2) |
5
|
$11,000
|
$4,500
|
$6,700
|
per ramp
|
90
|
$603,000
|
|
TMC Information Dissemination Hardware |
5
|
$7,500
|
$375
|
$1,875
|
$1,875
|
|||
TMC Information Dissemination Software |
5
|
$20,000
|
$1,000
|
$5,000
|
$5,000
|
|||
TMC System Integration |
20
|
$100,000
|
$5,000
|
$10,000
|
$10,000
|
|||
Labor for Traffic Info Dissemination* |
$100,000
|
$100,000
|
$100,000
|
|||||
DS3 Communication Line |
20
|
$4,000
|
$48,000
|
$48,200
|
$48,200
|
|||
Transit Center Hardware |
10
|
$22,500
|
$2,250
|
$2,250
|
||||
Transit Center Software/Integration |
20
|
$815,000
|
$9,000
|
$49,750
|
$49,750
|
|||
Transit Center Labor* |
$150,000
|
$150,000
|
$150,000
|
|||||
DS3 Communication Line |
20
|
$4,000
|
$48,000
|
$48,200
|
$48,200
|
|||
Information Service Center Hardware |
20
|
$45,000
|
$900
|
$3,150
|
$3,150
|
|||
Info Center System Integration |
5
|
$100,000
|
$20,000
|
$20,000
|
||||
Information Service Center Software |
20
|
$412,000
|
$20,625
|
$41,225
|
$41,225
|
|||
Map Database Software |
2
|
$22,500
|
$11,250
|
$11,250
|
||||
Information Service Center Labor* |
$225,000
|
$225,000
|
$225,000
|
|||||
Electronic Toll Collection Software |
10
|
$20,000
|
$2,000
|
$2,000
|
||||
Electronic Toll Collection Structure |
20
|
$30,000
|
$1,500
|
$1,500
|
||||
Software for Dynamic Electronic Tolls |
5
|
$55,000
|
$2,700
|
$13,700
|
||||
Integration for Dynamic Electronic Tolls |
20
|
$220,000
|
$11,000
|
$22,000
|
||||
Labor for HOT Lanes Mgmt* |
$540,000
|
$540,000
|
$540,000
|
|||||
Electronic Toll Reader |
10
|
$10,000
|
$1,000
|
$2,000
|
ea
½-mi |
120
|
$240,000
|
|
High-Speed Camera |
$4,000
|
ea
½-mi |
120
|
$480,000
|
||||
DS1 Communication Line |
$6,638
|
ea
½-mi |
120
|
$796,500
|
* Labor cost assumptions: Operators (2 at 50 percent of the time, at $100,000); Maintenance Technicians (2 at $75,000); Transportation Engineer (1 at 50 percent of the time, at $100,000). Salary costs are at fully loaded prices including base salary, overtime, overhead, benefits, etc.
The author noted that significant cost savings may be realized through the sharing of equipment and integration of deployed components.
Notes:
Related Benefits Database summary: "Integrated Approach: Inside story on the ICM test corridor," Traffic Technology International 2009.
Integrated Corridor Management: Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation Results for the Test Corridor
Annualized capital and O&M costs for combined ICM improvements: $7.5 million (HOT lanes, traveler Information, ramp metering, adaptive signal control, common infrastructure)